Integrating external costs with life cycle costs of emissions from tertiary treatment of municipal wastewater for reuse in cooling systems
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
External Costs of Air Emissions from Transportation
The production of equipment and materials used for transportation facilities and services can have significant environmental effects. Considerable effort is expended to reduce such effects as efficiently and effectively as possible. In this paper, we estimate external environmental costs resulting from the production of common transportation equipment, materials, and services. These external co...
متن کاملReuse of Refinery Treated Wastewater in Cooling Towers
In this report, experimental investigation of waste water treatment by reverse osmosis to enable its reuse in cooling tower is presented. A polyamide spiral wound RO membrane followed by three filters as RO pretreatment (two activated carbon and one cartridge filter) and samples of Tehran refinery treated waste water have been used. The effect of operating conditions such as pressure differ...
متن کاملLife Cycle Assessment of urban wastewater reuse with ozonation as tertiary treatment: a focus on toxicity-related impacts.
Life Cycle Assessment has been used to compare different scenarios involving wastewater reuse, with special focus on toxicity-related impact categories. The study is based on bench-scale experiments applying ozone and ozone in combination with hydrogen peroxide to a wastewater effluent from a Spanish sewage treatment plant. Two alternative characterisation models have been used to account for t...
متن کاملSeasonal tertiary wastewater treatment in California: an analysis of public health benefits and costs.
A number of communities in the Central Valley of California have requested that seasonally based effluent limits be developed for their wastewater treatment facilities. These seasonal limits would be based on disinfected secondary treatment during the winter and disinfected tertiary treatment during the rest of the year. Such a request for seasonal limits raises a significant water quality poli...
متن کاملCosts for integrating wind into the future ERCOT system with related costs for savings in CO2 emissions.
Wind power can make an important contribution to the goal of reducing emissions of CO2. The major problem relates to the intrinsic variability of the source and the difficulty of reconciling the supply of electricity with demand particularly at high levels of wind penetration. This challenge is explored for the case of the ERCOT system in Texas. Demand for electricity in Texas is projected to i...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Cleaner Production
سال: 2016
ISSN: 0959-6526
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.06.020